Homes with basements and low water tables require sump pumps to discharge the water before it causes damage. Sump pumps remove excess water from any place that might collect water where you don't want it. Most homeowners can install a sump pump with common household tools. Choose between an automatic or manually operated sump pump based upon the amount of water that requires removal.

Base Type

Pick a sump pump according to its base type. Sump pumps are available with pedestal mounts or are submersible. A pedestal-mounted sump pump uses a float system to turn the pump on and drain water from the area. A pedestal-mounted sump pump is cheaper than a submersible pump but must be mounted so the motor does not get wet. A submersible pump sits below the water level and is ideal for a basement area that floods during the rainy season. Submersible pumps are quiet, last longer than a pedestal-mounted pump and are safer in homes with children.

Horsepower

Select a pump for the power needed to empty the area of water. A pump that has a greater distance to discharge the water will require more horsepower to complete the task. Sump pumps are available in various horsepower levels based upon need and usage. Most basements in standard homes require a sump pump with 1/3 horsepower. The sump pump horsepower determines lift and the gallons per hour removed. Review the specifications of each sump pump to select the one that meets your needs. This information is typically found on the label or with the manufacturer's documents that come with the sump pump.

Capacitive Switch

Opt for a pump with a capacitive switch for hassle-free automatic operation. The sump-pump switch regulates the sump pump and turns it on or off. Sump pumps come with a variety of switches to complete this task. Some sump pumps operate automatically, while some must be turned on manually. Pumps equipped with capacitive switches have a microprocessor that measures the water level and turns the pump on when the water reaches the preset level in the sump basin. A capacitive switch does not have any mechanical parts that wear out.

Other Switches

Select a sump-pump with a vertical switch that mechanically turns the sump pump on or off automatically. Vertical switches are not adjustable, as they travel vertically and turn the sump pump on at a preset level. The switch is installed at 90 degrees to the water. A pump with a vertical switch fits in small places but must be free of obstructions. Another switch type is the diaphragm switch. It uses the water pressure level to send a signal to the pump to start or stop. A vent tube releases air as the water level rises initiating the switch.

Other Factors

Choose the sump pump that has corrosion-free or resistant housing materials. Water will rust the pump housing if it is not made from bronze, stainless steel or iron covered with an epoxy for protection. Before choosing a sump pump, measure the height of the lift and have this information available. The height of lift determines the head pressure to remove water vertically. Most pumps are designed for a 10-foot lift. Also, measure the area where the pump will sit to determine how many gallons it holds. Pump ratings are based on horsepower and gallons per hour removed.